Computer History - Herong's Notes

http://www.herongyang.com/Computer-History

Copyright © 2009 by Dr. Herong Yang. All rights reserved.

This free book is a collection of notes on computer history. Topics include FORTRAN, Java, UNIX, FTP, C, vi, Bourne Shell, C Shell, Bash, Tcsh, X Window System, Gopher, Macintosh, Apple, WWW.

Table of Contents

About This Book

1957 - FORTRAN Language Developed by IBM

What Is FORTRAN?

Storing FORTRAN Program Code on Punch Cards

FORTRAN 66 - Example Program Code

FORTRAN 77 - Example Program Code

g77 - GNU Project FORTRAN Compiler

Fortran 90 - Example Program Code

1970 - UNIX Operating System Developed by AT&T Bell Labs

What Is UNIX?

Command Interpreters and Command Pipelines

UNIX File System Hierarchy

1971 - FTP Protocol Created by Abhay Bhushan

What Is FTP?

Example of Downloading Files

Example of Uploading Files

Anonymous FTP Servers

FTP Client Program Standard Commands

1972 - C Language Developed by Dennis Ritchie

What Is C Language?

TCC - Tiny C Compiler

Compilation and Execution Process of C Programs

GNU C Compiler

Sample C Program for Arrays and Pointers

Sample C Program for Dynamic Memory Allocation - malloc()

1976 - vi Text Editor Developed by Bill Joy

What Is vi Text Editor?

'vi' Commands to Move Cursor and Search for Locations

'vi' Commands to Insert and Change Text

'vi' Miscellaneous Commands in 'ex' Line Mode

1977 - Apple II Designed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak

Apple II - The First Personal Computer

Apple II Different Models

VisiCalc - The First Spreadsheet Application

Apple Writer - The Most Popular Word Processor

ADT - Apple Disk Transfer

1977 - The Bourne Shell Developed by Stephen Bourne

What Is the Bourne Shell?

Bourne Shell Command Line Examples

Bourne Shell Script File Examples

1978 - The C Shell Developed by Bill Joy

What Is the C Shell?

C Shell Command Line

Command Line History Substitution

Command Line Alias Substitution

Command Line Input and Output Redirection

Command Line Variable Substitution

C Shell Command Line Examples

".cshrc" - C Shell Script File and

1978 - Bash (Bourne-Again Shell) Developed by Brian Fox

What Is Bash (Bourne-Again Shell)?

Bash Command Line Examples

Bash Shell Script File Examples

1979 - The Tcsh (TENEX C Shell) Developed by Ken Greer

What Is Tcsh?

Tcsh Command Line Examples

Tcsh Shell Script File Examples

1983 - "Sendmail" Mail Transfer Agent Developed by Eric Allman

What Is Sendmail?

Using Sendmail as a Mail User Agent (MUA)

Pushing an Email Message in Mail Queue

Using Sendmail as a STMP Server Daemon

1984 - Macintosh Developed by Apple Inc.

Macintosh - The First GUI Based Personal Computer

System Software - The Original Mac OS Operating System

Macintosh Models and Release Years

1984 - X Window System Developed a MIT Team

What Is X Window System?

XFree86 - Open Source Implementation of X

X Window Terminals

1991 - WWW (World Wide Web) Developed by Tim Berners-Lee

WWW and First Web Server

Tim Berners-Lee - Father of the Web

Mosaic - The Browser Popularized the Web

Netscape Navigator - The Most Popular Web Browser in 1990s

Internet Explorer - The Most Popular Web Browser since 1999

Mozilla Firefox - The Most Popular Open Source Web Browser

1991 - Gopher Protocol Created by a University of Minnesota Team

What Is Gopher?

Gopher Menu Item Types

Setting Up a Gopher Server on Linux Systems

".names" File Example

1995 - Java Language Developed by Sun Microsystems

What Is Java Language?

Java Compilation and Execution Processes

Java Is Platform Independent

Java Is an Object-Oriented Language

Java Supports Automatic Garbage Collection

Java Supports Multi-Threading Programming

References

Printable Copy - PDF Version

Keywords: Computer, History