What Is Human Genome

Molecule Tutorials - Herong's Tutorial Examples

∟What Is Human Genome

This section provides a quick introduction of Human Genome, which is the complete set of genes packaged inside 23 chromosome pairs in the nuclei of each human cell.

What Is Human Genome? - Human Genome is the complete set of genes packaged inside 23 chromosome pairs in the nuclei of each human cell.

Human Genome is estimated to have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes, coded by 3,000,000,000 base pairs in DNA double helix structures.

What Is Human Karyotype? - Karyotype is a table of 23 chromosome pairs of the human genome lined up in the order of their sizes in 4 rows as shown below. The first 22 are called autosomes. The last one is called "Sex Chromosomes" which is a X-Y pair for male, and a X-X pair for female.

Note that in each human chromosome pairs, one chromosome is inherited from the mother, the other chromosome from the father.

Paired chromosomes, except sex chromosomes, are identical identical in size, shape, genes and gene positions. So each paired member is a mirror of the other member to back up each other.

Chromosome 1 in the first pair is the longest human chromosomes, which contains about 6,000 genes stored as a sequence of about 249,000,000 base pairs, which is actually a single strand of DNA double helix.

Chromosome 21 in the 21st pair is the shortest human chromosomes, which contains about 200 to 300 genes stored as a sequence of about 48,000,000 base pairs base pairs, which is actually a single strand of DNA double helix.