Nucleobase, Nucleoside, Nucleotide, DNA and RNA

Molecule Tutorials - Herong's Tutorial Examples

∟Nucleobase, Nucleoside, Nucleotide, DNA and RNA

This chapter provides quick introductions about DNA and RNA and their building blocks: Nucleobases, Nucleosides, Nucleotides.

What Is Nucleobase

What Is Nucleoside

What Is Nucleotide

What Is Nucleic Acid

What Is RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

What Is DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

RNA Primary Structure - Helix

DNA Primary Structure - Double Helix

What Is DNA/RNA Base and Sequence Pair

What Is Chromosome

Takeaways:

There only 5 primary nucleobases found in nature that are used as information carriers in DNA and RNA structures: Adenosine (A), Cytidine (C), Guanosine (G), Thymidine (T) and Uridine (U).
A nucleoside is formed by a nucleobase and a 5-carbon sugar through a condenstation reaction.
A nucleotide is formed by a nucleoside and a phosphate through a condenstation reaction.
A nucleic acid is formed by a sequence of nucleotides through condenstation reactions
The backbone of a nucleic acid is the linked sequence of sugar-phosphate residue pairs.
Nucleobase residues in a nucleic acid are attached to sugar residues like leaves of the backbone.
A RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a special nucleic acid that uses only riboses as sugars and 4 nucleobases: Adenosine (A), Cytidine (C), Guanosine (G), and Uridine (U).
A DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a special nucleic acid that uses only deoxyriboses as sugars and 4 nucleobases: Adenosine (A), Cytidine (C), Guanosine (G), and Thymidine (T).
Single DNA/RNA sequence stays in a helix conformation as the primary structure.
Two complementary DNA/RNA sequences becomes a sequence pair and stays in a double helix conformation as the primary structure.
A DNA/RNA double helix relies on their complementary nucleobases to form base pairs.
A DNA/RNA base pair is pair of complementary nucleobases linked by hydrogen bonds.