Molecule Tutorials - Herong's Tutorial Examples - v1.26, by Herong Yang
Skeletal Formula Notations
This section provides a quick introduction on what is atomic bond that ties atoms together to form molecules.
There are a number of notations are used Skeletal Formula to simplify molecule diagrams.
1. Carbon Element Symbols Removed - Since carbon elements are so common in molecules, carbon element symbols are removed from Skeletal Formula diagrams. When you see a bond end point without element symbol, you can assume that it is a carbon element.
2. Hydrogen Elements and Bonds Removed - Since bonds between hydrogen elements and carbon Elements are so common in molecules, all hydrogen-carbon bonds are removed from Skeletal Formula diagrams. When you see a carbon element missing bonds, you can assume that it has additional bonds with hydrogen elements.
3. Wedge and Dash Projections - If 3 dimensional information needs to be maintained in Skeletal Formula diagrams, you can use Wedge and Dash projections. A wedge projection indicates a bond that pointing forward towards the viewer. A dash projection indicates a bond that pointing away from the viewer.
4. Condensed Branches - Some simple branches can be written as condensed Formulas like OH, NH2.
Table of Contents
Molecule Names and Identifications
Nucleobase, Nucleoside, Nucleotide, DNA and RNA
ChEMBL Database - European Molecular Biology Laboratory
PubChem Database - National Library of Medicine
INSDC (International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration)
HGNC (HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee)