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What Is Gopher
This section provides a quick introduction of the Gopher protocol that allows distributed documents to be linked and presented as a hierarchy of items and directories.
2023-05-27, 1693👍, 3💬

💬 2023-05-27 Harshita: This is very easy

💬 2018-12-08 Herong: Agree. Gopher was so easy to use with a keyboard on a text screen ☺

💬 2018-12-06 me: so nice piece of history, thx

Compilation and Execution Process of C Programs
This section describes steps of the compilation and execution process of C programs: preprocessing, compilation, assembly, linking and loading.
2023-04-16, 82795👍, 29💬

💬 2023-04-16 Tasaduk: Great it was easy for me to understand on your site thanks once again

💬 2021-07-28 jungkook jeon: very helpful. thank u so much for your explanation

💬 2021-02-14 Herong: Theo, thanks for the nice comment!

💬 2021-02-05 Theo Bruelhart: Dr. Herong Yang: I do appreciate the clarity and simplicity of your explanation. Thank you!

💬 2019-04-08 A compiler is a special program: aler(1);

(More comments ...)

Computer History Notes - Herong's Tutorial Notes
This book is a collection of notes on computer history. Topics include: 1957: FORTRAN Language by IBM; 1970: UNIX OS by AT&T Bell Labs; 1971: FTP by Abhay Bhushan; 1972: C Language by Dennis Ritchie; 1976: vi Editor by Bill Joy; 1977: Apple II by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak; 1977: The Bourn...
2022-10-01, 634👍, 0💬

Tcsh Shell Script File Examples
This section provides some Tcsh script file examples.
2022-10-01, 447👍, 0💬

FORTRAN 66 - Example Program Code
This section provides a simple example program code of FORTRAN 66 language.
2022-10-01, 399👍, 0💬

Apple II Different Models
This section provides an example of Apple II different models - Apple II, Apple II+, Apple IIe, Apple IIc and Apple IIGS.
2022-10-01, 326👍, 0💬

TCC - Tiny C Compiler
This section provides a quick introduction of Tiny C Compiler developed by Fabrice Bellard in 2002.
2022-10-01, 285👍, 0💬

1991 - WWW (World Wide Web) Developed by Tim Berners-Lee
This chapter provides some history of WWW (World Wide Web), developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in 1991.
2022-10-01, 253👍, 0💬

Fortran 90 - Example Program Code
This section provides a simple example program code of Fortran 90 language.
2022-10-01, 236👍, 0💬

What Is C Language
This section provides a quick introduction of C language, a general purpose and procedural programming language that supports memory address pointers and dynamic memory allocation.
2022-10-01, 204👍, 0💬

What Is Tcsh
This section provides a quick introduction of Tcsh - C shell with file name completion and command line editing.
2022-10-01, 190👍, 0💬

Sample C Program for Arrays and Pointers
This section provides a sample C program using arrays and pointers. strdel(str,n,l) is function that deletes l characters at position n from str.
2022-10-01, 188👍, 0💬

Apple Writer - The Most Popular Word Processor
This section describes Apple Writer, the most popular word processor on Apple II computers, developed by Paul Lutus and released in 1979.
2022-10-01, 187👍, 0💬

Introduction of PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
This section provides a quick introduction of PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, which was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995. PHP is now a widely-used general-purpose scripting language.
2022-10-01, 182👍, 0💬

Mozilla Firefox - The Most Popular Open Source Web Browser
This section provides a quick history of Mozilla Firefox, the most popular open source Web browser originally developed by Dave Hyatt and Blake Ross, and released in 2004.
2022-10-01, 180👍, 0💬

1977 - The Bourne Shell Developed by Stephen Bourne
This chapter provides some history of Bourne Shell developed by Stephen Bourne in 1977 for Unix systems.
2022-10-01, 175👍, 0💬

1957 - FORTRAN Language Developed by IBM
This chapter provides some history of FORTRAN language developed by a team of IBM employees led by John Backus in 1957
2022-10-01, 172👍, 0💬

Apple II - The First Personal Computer
This section provides a quick introduction of Apple II, the world's first personal computer designed and built by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
2022-10-01, 172👍, 0💬

1978 - The C Shell Developed by Bill Joy
This chapter provides some history of C Shell developed by Bill Joy in 1978 for Unix systems command syntaxes modeled after the C language.
2022-10-01, 172👍, 0💬

1971 - FTP Protocol Created by Abhay Bhushan
This chapter provides some history of the FTP (File Transfer Protocol) created by Abhay Bhushan in 1971 in RFC 114 - 'A File Transfer Protocol' to be used on the NCP (Network Control Protocol) network.
2022-10-01, 171👍, 0💬

VisiCalc - The First Spreadsheet Application
This section provides an introduction of VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet application, for Apple II computers, developed by Dan Bricklin and released in 1979
2022-10-01, 171👍, 0💬

System Software - The Original Mac OS Operating System
This section provides a quick introduction of the original Macintosh, the first commercial personal computer with GUI (Graphical User Interface) developed by Apple Inc. in 1984.
2022-10-01, 170👍, 0💬

1991 - Gopher Protocol Created by a University of Minnesota Team
This chapter provides some history of the Gopher protocol and server/client programs created by Mark McCahill, Farhad Anklesaria, Paul Lindner, Dan Torrey, and Bob Alberti of the University of Minnesota in 1991.
2022-10-01, 170👍, 0💬

1972 - C Language Developed by Dennis Ritchie
This chapter provides some history of C programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Labs.
2022-10-01, 167👍, 0💬

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