"INSERT INTO" Statements

MySQL Tutorials - Herong's Tutorial Examples

∟"INSERT INTO" Statements

Describes how to insert data rows with INSERT INTO statements.

INSERT statements are used very often by database applications to insert data rows into tables. The syntax of INSERT statements is very simple. You need to provide a list of column names and a list of values for those columns. There are a couple of simple rules about INSERT statements:

You don't have to provide values to columns that have default values defined.
You don't have to provide values to columns that allow null values.
You should not provide values to AUTO_INCREMENT columns, mainly used as primary key columns.

INSERT statements should be executed with the executeUpdate() method. Here is a simple program that insert some rows into my table Profile:

/* MySqlMultipleInserts.java
 * Copyright (c) 2005 HerongYang.com. All Rights Reserved.
 */
import java.util.*;
import java.sql.*;
public class MySqlMultipleInserts {
  public static void main(String [] args) {
    Connection con = null;
    try {

// Setting up the DataSource object
      // For MySQL Connector/J 5.1.38
      // com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource ds
      //   = new com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource();

      // For MySQL Connector/J 8.0.17
      com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlDataSource ds
        = new com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlDataSource();
      ds.setServerName("localhost");
      ds.setPortNumber(3306);
      ds.setDatabaseName("test");
      ds.setUser("root");
      ds.setPassword("TopSecret");

// Getting a connection object and statement object
      con = ds.getConnection();
      Statement sta = con.createStatement();
      int count = 0;

// insert a single row using default values
      count += sta.executeUpdate(
        "INSERT INTO Profile"
        + " (FirstName)"
        + " VALUES ('Herong')");

// insert a single row using provided values
      count += sta.executeUpdate(
        "INSERT INTO Profile"
        + " (FirstName, LastName, Point, BirthDate)"
        + " VALUES ('Janet', 'Gates', 999.99, '1984-10-13')");

// insert rows with loop with random values
      Random r = new Random();
      for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
        Float points = 1000*r.nextFloat();
        String firstName = Integer.toHexString(r.nextInt(9999));
        String lastName = Integer.toHexString(r.nextInt(999999));
        count += sta.executeUpdate(
          "INSERT INTO Profile"
          + " (FirstName, LastName, Point)"
          + " VALUES ('"+firstName+"', '"+lastName+"', "+points+")");
      }

// How many rows were inserted
      System.out.println("Number of rows inserted: "+count);

// Checking inserted rows
      ResultSet res = sta.executeQuery(
        "SELECT * FROM Profile");
      System.out.println("List of Profiles: ");
      while (res.next()) {
         System.out.println(
           "  "+res.getInt("ID")
           + ", "+res.getString("FirstName")
           + ", "+res.getString("LastName")
           + ", "+res.getDouble("Point")
           + ", "+res.getDate("BirthDate")
           + ", "+res.getTimestamp("ModTime"));
      }
      res.close();

      sta.close();
      con.close();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      System.err.println("Exception: "+e.getMessage());
    }
  }
}

Notice that Random class was used to generate some random strings and numbers.

The output on my MySQL 8.0 server confirms that the insert statement was executed correctly:

herong> java -cp .;\local\lib\mysql-connector-java-8.0.17.jar
  MySqlMultipleInserts

Number of rows inserted: 12
List of Profiles:
  1, Herong, null, 0.0, 1988-12-31, 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0
  2, Janet, Gates, 999.99, 1984-10-13, 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0
  3, d79, da84d, 638.8607, 1988-12-31, 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0
  4, 189c, 4335d, 606.4067, 1988-12-31, 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0
  5, 483, 21b72, 805.1093, 1988-12-31, 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0
  6, 13c0, d8df0, 470.5137, 1988-12-31, 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0
  7, 1b33, 500c3, 639.86914, 1988-12-31, 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0
  8, c6b, 5eead, 638.0474, 1988-12-31, 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0
  9, 36, 581b9, 81.03996, 1988-12-31, 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0
  10, 1383, 9318, 33.663452, 1988-12-31, 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0
  11, 1e3c, 761e2, 657.63495, 1988-12-31, 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0
  12, 1a7f, 45d40, 569.61865, 1988-12-31, 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0

However, the default value, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.999, of the ModTime TIMESTAMP column was being returned as 2017-01-01 00:00:00.0. My guess is that MySQL server does not really support millisecond in TIMESTAMP. The 999 millisecond was rounded up to an extra second, resulting 2017-01-01 00:00:00.

As a comparison, here is the output on MySQL 5.0 server, which truncated the 999 millisecond to 0:

Number of rows inserted: 12
List of Profiles:
  1, Herong, null, 0.0, 1988-12-31, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.0
  2, Janet, Gates, 999.99, 1984-10-13, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.0
  3, 1093, 9c94a, 694.96106, 1988-12-31, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.0
  4, 2556, 7c501, 654.16656, 1988-12-31, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.0
  5, 2514, ee0b8, 134.08804, 1988-12-31, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.0
  6, 11b1, 91714, 614.86383, 1988-12-31, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.0
  7, 9ac, 608cc, 941.5479, 1988-12-31, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.0
  8, 1b37, ec682, 290.13306, 1988-12-31, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.0
  9, 16a8, dabd2, 251.7339, 1988-12-31, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.0
  10, eec, 7d583, 674.99347, 1988-12-31, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.0
  11, ab1, c465f, 566.3607, 1988-12-31, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.0
  12, 1914, 4f9a4, 366.74844, 1988-12-31, 2016-12-31 23:59:59.0