SQL and Database Terminologies

This section provides brief descriptions of terminologies related to SQl and database.

Attribute - A kind of information that describes one aspect of a data object. For example, "age" is an attribute of a person, and "salary" is an attribute of an employee. "Attribute" is also called "column".

ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. An encoding algorithm that uses 128 7-bit codes to represent English alphabetics, some symbols and printing control commands.

DDL (Data Definition Language) - A set of SQL statements that manage data structures in the database. Examples of DDL are CREATE, ALTER, DROP, etc.

DML (Data Manipulation Language) - A set of SQL statements that manages data instances in the database. Examples of DML are INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, etc.

JOIN - A type of table operations that join rows from two tables based on matching conditions.

RDBMS - Relational Database Management System.

Relation - A data object defined by a set of attributes. For example, "employee" is a relation with various attributes that define the employee data object. "Relation" is also called "table".

Tuple - An instance of a data object with specific values for all attributes of the relation. For example, one tuple of the "course" relation is the operating system course with "operating system" as the value of the "course name" attribute, and other values for other attributes. "Tuple" is also called "row" or "record".

UTF8 - Unicode Transformation Format 8-bit. An encoding algorithm that encodes each Unicode character into a sequence of bytes (8-bit binary codes) with the first bit set to 0. UTF8 is compatible with ASCII encoding and safe for electronic communications. In MySQL, UTF8 is alias of UTF8MB3, which only supports Unicode characters in the range of U+000800 and U+00FFFF.

UTF8MB3 - Unicode Transformation Format 8-bit - Multiple-Byte 3. An subset of UTF8 that uses up to 3 bytes to supports Unicode characters in the range of U+000000 and U+00FFFF.

UTF8MB4 - Unicode Transformation Format 8-bit - Multiple-Byte 4. The full version of UTF8 that uses up to 4 bytes to supports Unicode characters in the range of U+000000 and U+10FFFF.

Table of Contents

 About This Book

Introduction of SQL

 What Is SQL

 SQL History and Revisions

SQL and Database Terminologies

 MySQL Introduction and Installation

 Introduction of MySQL Programs

 PHP Programs and MySQL Server

 Perl Programs and MySQL Servers

 Java Programs and MySQL Servers

 Datatypes and Data Literals

 Operations and Expressions

 Character Strings and Bit Strings

 Commonly Used Functions

 Table Column Types for Different Types of Values

 Using DDL to Create Tables and Indexes

 Using DML to Insert, Update and Delete Records

 Using SELECT to Query Database

 Window Functions for Statistical Analysis

 Use Index for Better Performance

 Transaction Management and Isolation Levels

 Locks Used in MySQL

 Defining and Calling Stored Procedures

 Variables, Loops and Cursors Used in Stored Procedures

 System, User-Defined and Stored Procedure Variables

 MySQL Server Administration

 Storage Engines in MySQL Server

 InnoDB Storage Engine - Primary and Secondary Indexes

 Performance Tuning and Optimization

 Bulk Changes on Large Tables

 MySQL Server on macOS

 Installing MySQL Server on Linux

 Connection, Performance and Second Instance on Linux

 Archived Tutorials

 References

 Full Version in PDF/EPUB