JVM Tutorials - Herong's Tutorial Examples
Dr. Herong Yang, Version 4.10

"long" Assignment Only: 24 Nanoseconds per Step

This section provides a tutorial example on how to perform benchmark tests to find out how long each step will take to run assignment loop - 14 nanoseconds per step.

Using the empty loop execution time obtained from the previous tutorial as a baseline, I can do more interesting tests now.

This time I want to find out how long it will take to do an assignment operation in interpreted-only mode. Here is my test method for this:

/**
 * BenchmarkTestLong.java
 * Copyright (c) 2010 by Dr. Herong Yang, herongyang.com
 */
class BenchmarkTestLong {
...
   // Test method for an assignment operation in a loop
   public static long assignment(int steps, BenchmarkRunner runner) {
      long x = 0;
      long i = 0;
      long last = steps;
      runner.startTimer();
      for (i=0; i<last; i++) {
         x = i;
      }
      runner.stopTimer();
      return x;
   }
}

Here are test results:

C:\herong\jvm>java -Xint -Xms100m -Xmx100m BenchmarkRunner 
BenchmarkTestLong assignment 10000 100 10
...
Runs: 100, Ave: 257, Min: 224, Max: 279 - Per step in nanoseconds

C:\herong\jvm>java -Xint -Xms100m -Xmx100m BenchmarkRunner 
BenchmarkTestLong assignment 10000 100 100
...
Runs: 100, Ave: 51, Min: 47, Max: 53 - Per step in nanoseconds

C:\herong\jvm>java -Xint -Xms100m -Xmx100m BenchmarkRunner 
BenchmarkTestLong assignment 10000 100 1000
...
Runs: 100, Ave: 27, Min: 27, Max: 28 - Per step in nanoseconds

C:\herong\jvm>java -Xint -Xms100m -Xmx100m BenchmarkRunner 
BenchmarkTestLong assignment 10000 100 10000
...
Runs: 100, Ave: 24, Min: 24, Max: 27 - Per step in nanoseconds

C:\herong\jvm>java -Xint -Xms100m -Xmx100m BenchmarkRunner 
BenchmarkTestLong assignment 10000 100 100000
...
Runs: 100, Ave: 24, Min: 24, Max: 25 - Per step in nanoseconds

C:\herong\jvm>java -Xint -Xms100m -Xmx100m BenchmarkRunner 
BenchmarkTestLong assignment 10000 100 1000000
...
Runs: 100, Ave: 24, Min: 24, Max: 25 - Per step in nanoseconds

Conclusions based on the test result:

  • The result is very interesting. Adding an assignment operation in an loop made the loop to run faster! The assignment, the loop index incrementing and the loop termination checking take 24 nanoseconds per step.
  • I have no idea why this assignment loop runs 1 nanoseconds faster than an empty loop per step.

Last update: 2010.

Table of Contents

 About This Book

 Download and Install Java SE 1.6 Update 2

 java.lang.Runtime Class - The JVM Instance

 java.lang.System Class - The Operating System

 ClassLoader Class - Class Loaders

 Class Class - Class Reflections

 Sun's JVM - Java HotSpot VM

 JRockit JVM 7.0 by BEA Systems

 JRockit JVM 8.0 by BEA Systems

 Memory Management Rules and Tests

 Garbage Collection Tests

 Stack Overflow Tests

 Thread Testing Program and Result

 StringBuffer Testing Program and Result

 CDS (Class Data Sharing)

 Micro Benchmark Runner and JVM Options

 Micro Benchmark Tests on "int" Operations

Micro Benchmark Tests on "long" Operations

 "long" Empty Loop: 25 Nanoseconds per Step

"long" Assignment Only: 24 Nanoseconds per Step

 "long" Shift and Assignment: 30 Nanoseconds per Step

 "long" Add and Assignment: 34 Nanoseconds per Step

 "long" Multiply and Assignment: 38 Nanoseconds per Step

 "long" Division and Assignment: 53 Nanoseconds per Step

 Performance Comparisons between "int" and "long"

 Micro Benchmark Tests in JIT Compilation Mode

 Micro Benchmark Tests on "float" and "double" Operations

 References

 PDF Printing Version

Dr. Herong Yang, updated in 2010
"long" Assignment Only: 24 Nanoseconds per Step