JVM Tutorials - Herong's Tutorial Examples
Dr. Herong Yang, Version 4.10

"int" Shift and Assignment: 17 Nanoseconds per Step

This section provides a tutorial example on how to perform benchmark tests to find out how long a shift and assignment loop will take to run. The answer is 17 nanoseconds per step.

Now I can add a shift operation in the assignment statement to measure the shift operation performance. Here is the test method:

/**
 * BenchmarkTestInt.java
 * Copyright (c) 2010 by Dr. Herong Yang, herongyang.com
 */
class BenchmarkTestInt {
...
   // Test method for a shift operation in a loop
   public static int shift(int steps, BenchmarkRunner runner) {
      int x = 0;
      int i = 0;
      int last = steps;
      runner.startTimer();
      for (i=0; i<last; i++) {
         x = i<<1;
      }
      runner.stopTimer();
      return x;
   }
}

Here are test results:

C:\herong\jvm>java -Xint -Xms100m -Xmx100m BenchmarkRunner 
BanchmarkTestInt shift 10000 100 10
...
Runs: 100, Ave: 252, Min: 223, Max: 279 - Per step in nanoseconds

C:\herong\jvm>java -Xint -Xms100m -Xmx100m BenchmarkRunner 
BanchmarkTestInt shift 10000 100 100
...
Runs: 100, Ave: 42, Min: 39, Max: 45 - Per step in nanoseconds

C:\herong\jvm>java -Xint -Xms100m -Xmx100m BenchmarkRunner 
BanchmarkTestInt shift 10000 100 1000
...
Runs: 100, Ave: 20, Min: 20, Max: 20 - Per step in nanoseconds

C:\herong\jvm>java -Xint -Xms100m -Xmx100m BenchmarkRunner 
BanchmarkTestInt shift 10000 100 10000
...
Runs: 100, Ave: 17, Min: 17, Max: 18 - Per step in nanoseconds

C:\herong\jvm>java -Xint -Xms100m -Xmx100m BenchmarkRunner 
BanchmarkTestInt shift 10000 100 100000
...
Runs: 100, Ave: 17, Min: 17, Max: 18 - Per step in nanoseconds

C:\herong\jvm>java -Xint -Xms100m -Xmx100m BenchmarkRunner 
BanchmarkTestInt shift 10000 100 1000000
...
Runs: 100, Ave: 17, Min: 17, Max: 19 - Per step in nanoseconds

Conclusions based on the test result:

  • Now the loop runs 17 nanoseconds per step with a shift operation and an assignment operation.
  • Clearly, the execution time of a shift operation, i<<1, is about 3 nanoseconds in interpreted-only mode. This conclusion can be arrived from test results of 10000, 100000 and 1000000 steps and minus the assignment loop execution time: 17 - 14 = 3 nanoseconds.

Last update: 2010.

Table of Contents

 About This Book

 Download and Install Java SE 1.6 Update 2

 java.lang.Runtime Class - The JVM Instance

 java.lang.System Class - The Operating System

 ClassLoader Class - Class Loaders

 Class Class - Class Reflections

 Sun's JVM - Java HotSpot VM

 JRockit JVM 7.0 by BEA Systems

 JRockit JVM 8.0 by BEA Systems

 Memory Management Rules and Tests

 Garbage Collection Tests

 Stack Overflow Tests

 Thread Testing Program and Result

 StringBuffer Testing Program and Result

 CDS (Class Data Sharing)

 Micro Benchmark Runner and JVM Options

Micro Benchmark Tests on "int" Operations

 Revised BenchmarkRunner.java

 Hardware, OS and JVM Configurations

 "int" Empty Loop: 16 Nanoseconds per Step

 "int" Assignment Only: 14 Nanoseconds per Step

"int" Shift and Assignment: 17 Nanoseconds per Step

 "int" Add and Assignment: 17 Nanoseconds per Step

 "int" Multiply and Assignment: 17 Nanoseconds per Step

 "int" Division and Assignment: 19 Nanoseconds per Step

 Micro Benchmark Tests on "long" Operations

 Micro Benchmark Tests in JIT Compilation Mode

 Micro Benchmark Tests on "float" and "double" Operations

 References

 PDF Printing Version

Dr. Herong Yang, updated in 2010
"int" Shift and Assignment: 17 Nanoseconds per Step