JDK Tutorials - Herong's Tutorial Examples - v6.32, by Herong Yang
java.util.Calendar.add() - Calendar Manipulation Method
This section provides a tutorial example on how to use the java.util.Calendar.add() method to manipulate any elements in a calendar object.
Objects of Date class are easy to be manipulated, since each of them has only one numerical field in unit of millisecond. For example, to calculate the number of full days between two Date objects, you can use the following expression:
(date1.getTime() - date2.getTime()) / (1000*60*60*24)
However, objects of Calendar are not so easy to be manipulated, since each of them has many related numerical fields in different calendar units. For example, incrementing the day-in-month field by 1, may affect the month field, if the Calendar object is at the end of a month; then the change in the month field may affect the year field, if the Calendar object is at the end of a year.
To help us manipulate Calendar objects safely, JDK offers the following method:
add(int field, int delta)
with two rules:
The following program demonstrates how the add() method works:
/* DateOperationTest.java
* Copyright (c) HerongYang.com. All Rights Reserved.
*/
import java.util.*;
class DateOperationTest {
public static void main(String[] a) {
GregorianCalendar dt = new GregorianCalendar();
dt.set(2002,9,31); //31-Oct-2002
System.out.println("Current time: "+dt.getTime().toString());
dt.add(Calendar.DATE,1);
System.out.println("Add 1 to date: "+dt.getTime().toString());
dt.set(2002,9,31); //31-Oct-2002
System.out.println("Current time: "+dt.getTime().toString());
dt.roll(Calendar.DATE,1);
System.out.println("Roll 1 to date: "+dt.getTime().toString());
dt.set(2002,9,31); //31-Oct-2002
System.out.println("Current time: "+dt.getTime().toString());
dt.add(Calendar.MONTH,1);
System.out.println("Add 1 to month: "+dt.getTime().toString());
GregorianCalendar dt1 = new GregorianCalendar();
GregorianCalendar dt2 = new GregorianCalendar();
dt1.set(2002,9,31,0,0,0);
dt2.set(2002,10,1,0,0,0);
System.out.println(" From: "+dt1.getTime().toString());
System.out.println(" To: "+dt2.getTime().toString());
long days = fullDayDiff(dt1,dt2);
System.out.println("Full days: "+days);
dt1.set(2002,9,31,0,0,0);
dt2.set(2002,10,30,0,0,0);
System.out.println(" From: "+dt1.getTime().toString());
System.out.println(" To: "+dt2.getTime().toString());
long months = fullMonthDiff(dt1,dt2);
System.out.println("Full months: "+months);
dt1.set(2002,9,30,0,0,0);
dt2.set(2003,10,29,0,0,0);
System.out.println(" From: "+dt1.getTime().toString());
System.out.println(" To: "+dt2.getTime().toString());
months = fullMonthDiff(dt1,dt2);
System.out.println("Full months: "+months);
}
public static long fullDayDiff(Calendar dt1, Calendar dt2) {
long tm1 = dt1.getTime().getTime();
long tm2 = dt2.getTime().getTime();
return (tm2-tm1)/(1000*60*60*24);
}
public static long fullMonthDiff(Calendar dt1, Calendar dt2) {
// Both dates are truncated to the beginning of the day
// dt1 and dt2 are damaged
// 30-Oct-2002 to 30-Nov-2002: 1 month
// 31-Oct-2002 to 30-Nov-2002: 1 month
// 30-Oct-2002 to 29-Nov-2002: < 1 month
Calendar a, b;
if (dt1.before(dt2)) {
a = dt1;
b = dt2;
} else {
a = dt2;
b = dt1;
}
// work on the years
int y1 = a.get(Calendar.YEAR);
int y2 = b.get(Calendar.YEAR);
int m1 = a.get(Calendar.MONTH);
int m2 = b.get(Calendar.MONTH);
int l = y2 - y1;
if (m2<m1) l--;
int diff = 0;
if (l>0) {
diff += l*12;
a.add(Calendar.YEAR,l);
}
// work on the months
y1 = a.get(Calendar.YEAR);
y2 = b.get(Calendar.YEAR);
m1 = a.get(Calendar.MONTH);
m2 = b.get(Calendar.MONTH);
if (m2<m1) {
l = m2 + 12 - m1;
} else {
l = m2 - m1;
}
l = m2 - m1;
if (l>0) {
diff += l;
a.add(Calendar.MONTH,1);
}
// date adjustment
int d1 = a.get(Calendar.DATE);
int d2 = b.get(Calendar.DATE);
if (d2<d1) diff--;
return diff;
}
}
Output:
Current time: Thu Oct 31 12:39:52 EST 2002
Add 1 to date: Fri Nov 01 12:39:52 EST 2002
Current time: Thu Oct 31 12:39:52 EST 2002
Roll 1 to date: Tue Oct 01 12:39:52 EDT 2002
Current time: Thu Oct 31 12:39:52 EST 2002
Add 1 to month: Sat Nov 30 12:39:52 EST 2002
From: Thu Oct 31 00:00:00 EST 2002
To: Fri Nov 01 00:00:00 EST 2002
Full days: 1
From: Thu Oct 31 00:00:00 EST 2002
To: Sat Nov 30 00:00:00 EST 2002
Full months: 1
From: Wed Oct 30 00:00:00 EST 2002
To: Sat Nov 29 00:00:00 EST 2003
Full months: 12
Note that I have only done few tests on the fullMonthDiff() method. So don't take it to your program directly. Do more tests yourself.
Exercise: Write a program to calculate the annually compound interest of an investment with the following method signature:
public static double getInterest(double capital,
double interest_rate, Calendar start_date, Calendar end_date)
Table of Contents
►Date, Time and Calendar Classes
java.util.Date - JDK Class to Measure Date and Time
java.util.Calendar - The Abstract Calendar Class
►java.util.Calendar.add() - Calendar Manipulation Method
Date and Time Object and String Conversion
Number Object and Numeric String Conversion
Locales, Localization Methods and Resource Bundles
Calling and Importing Classes Defined in Unnamed Packages
HashSet, Vector, HashMap and Collection Classes
Character Set Encoding Classes and Methods
Encoding Conversion Programs for Encoded Text Files
Datagram Network Communication
DOM (Document Object Model) - API for XML Files
DTD (Document Type Definition) - XML Validation
XSD (XML Schema Definition) - XML Validation
XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language)
Message Digest Algorithm Implementations in JDK
Private key and Public Key Pair Generation
PKCS#8/X.509 Private/Public Encoding Standards
Digital Signature Algorithm and Sample Program
"keytool" Commands and "keystore" Files
KeyStore and Certificate Classes
Secret Key Generation and Management
Cipher - Encryption and Decryption
The SSL (Secure Socket Layer) Protocol
SSL Socket Communication Testing Programs