DES Encryption Operation Mode Introduction

This section describes what are DES encryption operation modes and notations used to describe how each operation mode works.

DES encryption algorithm defines how a single 64-bit plaintext block can be encrypted. It does not define how a real plaintext message with an arbitrary number of bytes should be padded and arranged into 64-bit input blocks for the encryption process. It does not define how one input block should be coupled with other blocks from the same original plaintext message to improve the encryption strength.

(FIPS) Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 81 published in 1980 provided the following block encryption operation modes to address how blocks of the same plaintext message should be coupled:

See http://www.itl.nist.gov/fipspubs/fip81.htm for details.

In order to describe these operation modes, we need to define the following notations:

P = P[1], P[2], P[3], ..., P[i], ... - Representing the original plaintext message, P, being arranged into multiple 64-bit plaintext blocks. P[i] represents plaintext block number i.

Ek(P[i]) - Representing the DES encryption algorithm applied on a single 64-bit plaintext block, P[i], with a predefined key, k.

C = C[1], C[2], C[3], ..., C[i], ... - Representing the final ciphertext message, C, being regrouped from multiple 64-bit ciphertext blocks. C[i] represents ciphertext block number i.

IV - Called "Initial Vector", representing a predefined 64-bit initial value.

With these notations, we are ready to describe different operation modes that can be applied the DES encryption algorithm.

Table of Contents

 About This Book

 Cryptography Terminology

 Cryptography Basic Concepts

 Introduction to AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

 Introduction to DES Algorithm

 DES Algorithm - Illustrated with Java Programs

 DES Algorithm Java Implementation

 DES Algorithm - Java Implementation in JDK JCE

DES Encryption Operation Modes

DES Encryption Operation Mode Introduction

 What is ECB (Electronic CodeBook) Operation Mode?

 What is CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) Operation Mode?

 What is CFB (Cipher FeedBack) Operation Mode?

 What is OFB (Output FeedBack) Operation Mode?

 DES Operation Modes in JCE

 JCE DES Operation Mode Testing Program

 JCE DES Operation Mode Testing Program Result

 DES in Stream Cipher Modes

 PHP Implementation of DES - mcrypt

 Blowfish - 8-Byte Block Cipher

 Secret Key Generation and Management

 Cipher - Secret Key Encryption and Decryption

 Introduction of RSA Algorithm

 RSA Implementation using java.math.BigInteger Class

 Introduction of DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm)

 Java Default Implementation of DSA

 Private key and Public Key Pair Generation

 PKCS#8/X.509 Private/Public Encoding Standards

 Cipher - Public Key Encryption and Decryption

 MD5 Mesasge Digest Algorithm

 SHA1 Mesasge Digest Algorithm

 OpenSSL Introduction and Installation

 OpenSSL Generating and Managing RSA Keys

 OpenSSL Managing Certificates

 OpenSSL Generating and Signing CSR

 OpenSSL Validating Certificate Path

 "keytool" and "keystore" from JDK

 "OpenSSL" Signing CSR Generated by "keytool"

 Migrating Keys from "keystore" to "OpenSSL" Key Files

 Certificate X.509 Standard and DER/PEM Formats

 Migrating Keys from "OpenSSL" Key Files to "keystore"

 Using Certificates in IE

 Using Certificates in Google Chrome

 Using Certificates in Firefox

 Archived Tutorials

 References

 Full Version in PDF/EPUB