DriverManager.getConnection() and Connection URL

This section describes how to use DriverManager.getConnection() and connection URL for the Microsoft JDBC driver.

Once the JDBC driver class is loaded, you are ready to connect to a SQL Server by using the DriverManager.getConnection(connection_url) method. The connection URL, connection_url, is a string with the following syntax, assuming that the SQL Server is running an instance at the default port number.

jdbc:sqlserver://server_name;user=login;password=****

The tutorial program below shows you a good example of using getConnection() and connection URL:

/* ConnectionTest2.java
 * Copyright (c) HerongYang.com. All Rights Reserved.
 */
import java.sql.*;
public class ConnectionTest2 {
  public static void main(String [] args) {
    Connection con = null;
    try {

// Obtaining a connection to SQL Server
      con = DriverManager.getConnection(
          "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost;"
        + "user=herong;password=T0pSecret");

    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

Run the above program with latest JDK. You may get no error, if the server is configured correctly.

herong> java -cp .;mssql-jdbc-9.4.1.jre16.jar ConnectionTest2.java

Or you may get connection error like this:

herong> java -cp .;mssql-jdbc-9.4.1.jre16.jar ConnectionTest2

com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException:
The TCP/IP connection to the host localhost, port 1433
has failed. Error: "connect timed out. Verify the connection
properties. Make sure that an instance of SQL Server is running on the
host and accepting TCP/IP connections at the port. Make sure that TCP
connections to the port are not blocked by a firewall.".

The error suggests us to verify: is the database instance running or not, which TCP/IP port the instance is listening for incoming connections, and is there any firewall blocking the TCP/IP connection. See the next tutorial on how to troubleshoot the problem.

Previously, when I ran the same example program with JDK 1.6, JDBC Driver 1.0, and SQL Server 2005 Express Edition, the program failed with a different error message:

herong> java -cp .;sqljdbc.jar ConnectionTest2

SQLException: The TCP/IP connection to the host has failed.
java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect

Table of Contents

 About This Book

 JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) Introduction

 JDK (Java SE) Installation

 Microsoft SQL Server Express Edition

Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server

 Installing Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server

 Loading Driver Class Automatically

 Loading Driver Class with Class.forName()

DriverManager.getConnection() and Connection URL

 Enable TCP/IP with SQL Server Configuration Manager

 Specifying Port Number in Connection URL

 Instance Name Better than Port Number

 Specifying Instance Name in Connection URL

 Closing the Database Connection - con.close()

 Specifying Database Name in Connection URL

 Incorrect Database Name in Connection URL

 Creating Connections with DataSource Class

 Microsoft JDBC Driver - Query Statements and Result Sets

 Microsoft JDBC Driver - DatabaseMetaData Object

 Microsoft JDBC Driver - DDL Statements

 Microsoft JDBC Driver - DML Statements

 SQL Server - PreparedStatement

 SQL Server CLOB (Character Large Object) - TEXT

 SQL Server BLOB (Binary Large Object) - BLOB

 Using Connection Pool with JDBC

 JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver - sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver

 JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver - Flat Text Files

 JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver - MS Access

 JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver - MS SQL Server

 Archived Tutorials

 References

 Full Version in PDF/EPUB