This section provides a quick description on defining object constructor functions. A tutorial example is provided on creating a 'Book' constructor with 3 properties and 1 method.
The first thing to learn about prototype-based programming style in JavaScript is the constructor function.
When writing a constructor function, we need to remember:
The constructor function name will be the object type name.
So select a good name for the constructor function.
In the constructor function, "this" keyword can be used to represent the object to be constructed.
Properties should be added in the constructor function with assignment expressions
as "this.property_name = initial_value".
Constructor function should take some parameters to initialize properties.
Methods should be added in the constructor function with assignment expressions
as "this.method_name = function_name", where "function_name" refers to an existing function.
Don't use any "return" statement in the constructor function.
The return value will be ignored when it is called as an object constructor with the "new" operator.
Here is a tutorial example that defines a constructor function called "Book(...)",
which defines 3 properties and 1 method:
<html>
<!-- Prototype_Constructor_Function.html
Copyright (c) 2008 by Dr. Herong Yang, http://www.herongyang.com/
-->
<head>
<title>Defining Object Constructor Functions</title>
</head>
<body>
<pre>
<script type="text/javascript">
// Defining the constructor function for a new object type
function Book(title, author) {
document.writeln("\nConstructing a \"Book\" object...");
this.title = title;
this.author = author;
this.price = undefined;
this.getDesc = getDescription;
}
// Defining a function to be used as a method
function getDescription() {
return "\""+this.title+"\" by "+this.author;
}
// Creating an object of "Book"
var myBook = new Book("JavaScript Tutorials", "Herong Yang");
document.writeln("\nChecking the \"Book\" object");
document.writeln(" Type: "+(typeof myBook));
document.writeln(" Instance of \"Book\": "
+(myBook instanceof Book));
// Testing properties and methods
document.writeln(" myBook.title: "+myBook.title);
document.writeln(" myBook.author: "+myBook.author);
document.writeln(" myBook.price: "+myBook.price);
document.writeln(" myBook.getDesc(): "+myBook.getDesc());
// Trying to call a constructor function as a normal function
Book("JavaScript Cookbook", "Yosef Cohen");
</script>
</pre>
</body>
</html>
The output of the tutorial example is printed below:
Constructing a "Book" object...
Checking the "Book" object
Type: object
Instance of "Book": true
myBook.title: JavaScript Tutorials
myBook.author: Herong Yang
myBook.price: undefined
myBook.getDesc(): "JavaScript Tutorials" by Herong Yang
Constructing a "Book" object...
Notice that the last test statement proves that a constructor function
is just a normal function, and you can call it directly.
But calling a constructor function directly will not produce any result.
As a quick summary:
Constructor equals to function. A constructor is a function. And a function is a constructor.
A constructor can be used to create a new object with the "new" operator.
Any constructor can be called to execute as a function.
Any function can be used to create objects as a constructor.
