Illustration of RSA Algorithm: p,q=7,19

This section provides a tutorial example to illustrate how RSA public key encryption algorithm works with 2 small prime numbers 7 and 19.

As the second example to illustrate how RSA public key encryption algorithm works, let's take prime numbers of 7 and 19 as presented by Paul Johnston at http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/rsa/rsa.html.

Generation the public key and private key with prime numbers of 7 and 19 can be illustrated as:

Given p as 7
Given q as 19
Compute n = p*q: n = 7*19 = 133
Compute m = (p-1)*(q-1): m = 6*18 = 108
Select e, such that e and m are coprime numbers: e = 5
Compute d, such that d*e mod m = 1: d = 65
The public key {n,e} is = {133,5}
The private key {n,d} is = {133,65}

With the public key of {133,5}, encryption of a cleartext M represented as number 6 can be illustrated as:

Given public key {n,e} as {133,5}
Given cleartext M represented in number as 6
Divide M into blocks: 1 block is enough
Compute encrypted block C = M**e mod n: 
   C = 6**5 mod 133 = 7776 mod 133 = 62
The ciphertext c represented in number is 62

With the private key of {133,65}, decryption of the ciphertext represented as number 62 can be illustrated as:

Given private key {n,e} as {133,65}
Given ciphertext C represented in number as 62
Divide C into blocks: 1 block is enough
Compute encrypted block M = C**d mod n: 
   M = 62**65 mod 133 
     = 62*62**64 mod 133
     = 62*(62**4)**16 mod 133
     = 62*(14776336)**16 mode 133
     = 62*(14776336 mod 133)**16 mod 133
     = 62*(36)**16 mod 133
     = 62*(36**4 mod 133)**4 mod 133
     = 62*(92)**4 mod 133
     = 4441636352 mod 133
     = 6
The cleartext M represented in number is 6

Very nice. We are getting the original cleartext 6 back with no problem with the private key.

Table of Contents

 About This Book

 Cryptography Terminology

 Cryptography Basic Concepts

 Introduction to AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

 Introduction to DES Algorithm

 DES Algorithm - Illustrated with Java Programs

 DES Algorithm Java Implementation

 DES Algorithm - Java Implementation in JDK JCE

 DES Encryption Operation Modes

 DES in Stream Cipher Modes

 PHP Implementation of DES - mcrypt

 Blowfish - 8-Byte Block Cipher

 Secret Key Generation and Management

 Cipher - Secret Key Encryption and Decryption

Introduction of RSA Algorithm

 What Is Public Key Encryption?

 RSA Public Key Encryption Algorithm

 Illustration of RSA Algorithm: p,q=5,7

Illustration of RSA Algorithm: p,q=7,19

 Proof of RSA Public Key Encryption

 How Secure Is RSA Algorithm?

 How to Calculate "M**e mod n"

 Efficient RSA Encryption and Decryption Operations

 Proof of RSA Encryption Operation Algorithm

 Finding Large Prime Numbers

 RSA Implementation using java.math.BigInteger Class

 Introduction of DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm)

 Java Default Implementation of DSA

 Private key and Public Key Pair Generation

 PKCS#8/X.509 Private/Public Encoding Standards

 Cipher - Public Key Encryption and Decryption

 MD5 Mesasge Digest Algorithm

 SHA1 Mesasge Digest Algorithm

 OpenSSL Introduction and Installation

 OpenSSL Generating and Managing RSA Keys

 OpenSSL Managing Certificates

 OpenSSL Generating and Signing CSR

 OpenSSL Validating Certificate Path

 "keytool" and "keystore" from JDK

 "OpenSSL" Signing CSR Generated by "keytool"

 Migrating Keys from "keystore" to "OpenSSL" Key Files

 Certificate X.509 Standard and DER/PEM Formats

 Migrating Keys from "OpenSSL" Key Files to "keystore"

 Using Certificates in IE

 Using Certificates in Google Chrome

 Using Certificates in Firefox

 Archived Tutorials

 References

 Full Version in PDF/EPUB