Atom Represenations in SMILES

This section provides a quick introduction on atom represenations in SMILES. Each non-hydrogen atom is represented by its atomic symbol followed by H or Hn for bonded hydrogens in square brackets [].

How Atoms Are Represented in SMILES? - Atoms are represented in SMILES according to the following rules:

1. Each non-hydrogen atom, in a molecule is represented by its atomic symbol enclosed in square brackets []. For example, [C], [Na], [F], [Fe], etc.

2. Hydrogens bonded to each non-hydrogen atom are represented as H or Hn after the bonding atom inside the brackets. For example, [FH], [OH2], [NH3], [CH4], etc.

3. Hydrogen atom not bonded to any non-hydrogen atoms is represented as [H]. For example, [H] and [H][H].

4. Organic atoms, B, C, N, O, P, S, F, Cl, Br, and I, may be represented without brackets if the number of bonded hydrogens conforms to the lowest normal valence consistent with explicit bonds. For example, O is the same as [OH2]; C is the same as [CH4]; CC is the same as [CH3][CH3].

5. Atoms in aromatic rings may be represented by lower case letters. For example, c1ccccc1 is the benzene ring.

Table of Contents

 About This Book

SMILES (Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System)

 What Is SMILES

 What Is Canonical SMILES

Atom Represenations in SMILES

 Bond Represenations in SMILES

 Branch Represenations in SMILES

 Ring Represenations in SMILES

 Disconnected Structures in SMILES

 Charge Represenations in SMILES

 Isotope Represenations in SMILES

 Directional Bonds in SMILES

 Tetrahedral Centers in SMILES

 Chirality Representations in SMILES

 Hydrogen Representations in SMILES

 Open Babel: The Open Source Chemistry Toolbox

 Using Open Babel Command: "obabel"

 Generating SVG Pictures with Open Babel

 Substructure Search with Open Babel

 Similarity Search with Open Babel

 Fingerprint Index for Fastsearch with Open Babel

 Stereochemistry with Open Babel

 Command Line Tools Provided by Open Babel

 RDKit: Open-Source Cheminformatics Software

 rdkit.Chem.rdchem - The Core Module

 rdkit.Chem.rdmolfiles - Molecular File Module

 rdkit.Chem.rdDepictor - Compute 2D Coordinates

 rdkit.Chem.Draw - Handle Molecule Images

 Molecule Substructure Search with RDKit

 rdkit.Chem.rdmolops - Molecule Operations

 Daylight Fingerprint Generator in RDKit

 Morgan Fingerprint Generator in RDKit

 RDKit Performance on Substructure Search

 Introduction to Molecular Fingerprints

 OCSR (Optical Chemical Structure Recognition)

 AlphaFold - Protein Structure Prediction

 Resources and Tools

 Cheminformatics Related Terminologies

 References

 Full Version in PDF/EPUB