Bitwise Operations on "byte" Values - Example Program

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This section provides a tutorial example on how 4 types of bitwise operations, 'And', 'Or', 'Exclusive Or', and 'Complement' works on 'int' values.

To verify those bitwise operation rules given in the previous section, I wrote the following test program, BitwiseOperations.java:

/**
 * BitwiseOperations.java
 * Copyright (c) 2006 by Dr. Herong Yang, http://www.herongyang.com/
 */
public class BitwiseOperations {
   public static void main(String[] arg) {
      int a = 858993459;  // binary: 00110011001100110011001100110011
      int b = 1431655765; // binary: 01010101010101010101010101010101

      int o1 = a & b; // bitwise "And"
      int o2 = a | b; // bitwise "Or"
      int o3 = a ^ b; // bitwise "Exclusive Or"
      int o4 = ~a;    // bitwise "Complement"

      System.out.println(" a: "+getBitString(a) +" = "+a);
      System.out.println(" b: "+getBitString(b) +" = "+b);
      System.out.println("o1: "+getBitString(o1) +" = "+o1);
      System.out.println("o2: "+getBitString(o2) +" = "+o2);
      System.out.println("o3: "+getBitString(o3) +" = "+o3);
      System.out.println("o4: "+getBitString(o4) +" = "+o4);
   }
   private static String getBitString(int x) {
      StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
      for (int i=1; i<=32; i++) buf.append(x>>>(32-i) & 0x00000001);
      return buf.toString();
   }
}

Here is the output of the test program:

 a: 00110011001100110011001100110011 = 858993459
 b: 01010101010101010101010101010101 = 1431655765
o1: 00010001000100010001000100010001 = 286331153
o2: 01110111011101110111011101110111 = 2004318071
o3: 01100110011001100110011001100110 = 1717986918
o4: 11001100110011001100110011001100 = -858993460

The resulting values in the program output do match those given in my examples in the previous section. The resulting value of the complement operation in the program output shows -858993460, which is the same as 3233857728 represented in a signed 32-bit integer format.

Sections in This Chapter

What Are Bits and Bytes

"byte" Data Type and Implicit Casting

Operations on "byte" Data Type Values

Bitwise Operations on "byte" Values

Bitwise Operations on "byte" Values - Example Program

Shift Operations - Left, Right or Unsigned Right Shift